Comparison and Logical Operators

Introduction

Operators let you compare values and combine conditions. The results are always True or False, making them essential for controlling the flow of your programs.

Comparison Operators

These compare two values and return a boolean.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
==	Equal to	5 == 5	True
!=	Not equal to	5 != 3	True
>	Greater than	10 > 5	True
>=	Greater than or equal to	5 >= 5	True
<	Less than	3 < 10	True
<=	Less than or equal to	4 <= 3	False

Examples

salary = 60000

print(salary > 50000)   # True
print(salary == 60000)  # True
print(salary != 60000)  # False
print(salary < 40000)   # False

Logical Operators

Logical operators combine multiple conditions.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
and	Both must be True	True and False	False
or	At least one must be True	True or False	True
not	Inverts the result	not True	False

Examples

salary = 60000
department = "Engineering"

print(salary > 50000 and department == "Engineering")  # True
print(salary > 80000 or department == "Engineering")   # True
print(not salary > 80000)                              # True

Membership Operators

Check whether a value exists in a sequence.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
in	Value is in the sequence	"Alice" in ["Alice", "Bob"]	True
not in	Value is not in the sequence	5 not in [1, 2, 3]	True

approved_departments = ["Engineering", "Finance", "HR"]
department = "Engineering"

print(department in approved_departments)      # True
print("Marketing" not in approved_departments) # True

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
+	Addition	10 + 5	15
-	Subtraction	10 - 5	5
*	Multiplication	10 * 5	50
/	Division	10 / 3	3.333...
//	Floor division	10 // 3	3
%	Modulo (remainder)	10 % 3	1
**	Exponent	2 ** 8	256

Practice Exercises

• Check whether a salary of 55000 is greater than 50000 and less than 100000. Print the result.
• Create two variables is_employed and has_contract. Set one to True and one to False. Print whether both are True, and whether at least one is True.
• Check if the string "python" is in the list ["sql", "python", "java"].
• Calculate the remainder when 17 is divided by 5.